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Valid Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate test answers, valid KCNA exam dumps

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Linux Foundation Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate (KCNA) Certification Exam is a vendor-neutral exam designed to test an individual's knowledge of Kubernetes and cloud-native technologies. KCNA Exam is intended for individuals who are looking to validate their skills in container orchestration and deployment, as well as the broader ecosystem of cloud-native applications and services. The KCNA certification is an excellent way for IT professionals to demonstrate their expertise in these critical areas and gain a competitive edge in the job market.

Linux Foundation is a non-profit organization that provides support and resources for open-source software projects. One of its most popular offerings is the Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate (KCNA) certification exam. Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate certification is designed for professionals who want to demonstrate their expertise in managing and deploying cloud-native applications using Kubernetes.

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Linux Foundation KCNA (Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate) Certification Exam is a professional certification exam that validates the skills and knowledge of individuals in the field of Kubernetes and cloud native technologies. KCNA Exam is designed for individuals who are interested in learning and mastering the fundamentals of Kubernetes and cloud native technologies, and who wish to demonstrate their expertise in these areas to potential employers.

Linux Foundation Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate Sample Questions (Q175-Q180):

NEW QUESTION # 175
Which of the following security features in Kubernetes allows you to define communication rules between pods based on labels, namespaces, and other criteria?

A. Pod Security Policies
B. Resource Quotas
C. Admission Controllers
D. Network Policies
E. Namespace Quotas

Answer: D

Explanation:
Network Policies in Kubernetes allow you to define fine-grained communication rules between pods based on labels, namespaces, and other criteria. This feature provides a powerful way to enforce network security and isolate workloads from each other.

NEW QUESTION # 176
Which group of container runtimes provides additional sandboxed isolation and elevated security?

A. crun, cri-o
B. runsc, kata
C. rune, cgroups
D. docker, containerd

Answer: B

Explanation:
The runtimes most associated with sandboxed isolation are gVisor's runsc and Kata Containers, making C correct. Standard container runtimes (like containerd with runc) rely primarily on Linux namespaces and cgroups for isolation. That isolation is strong for many use cases, but it shares the host kernel, which can be a concern for multi-tenant or high-risk workloads.
gVisor (runsc) provides a user-space kernel-like layer that intercepts and mediates system calls, reducing the container's direct interaction with the host kernel. Kata Containers takes a different approach: it runs containers inside lightweight virtual machines, providing hardware-virtualization boundaries (or VM-like isolation) while still integrating into container workflows. Both are used to increase isolation compared to traditional containers, and both can be integrated with Kubernetes through compatible CRI/runtime configurations.
The other options are incorrect for the question's intent. "rune, cgroups" is not a meaningful pairing here (cgroups is a Linux resource mechanism, not a runtime). "docker, containerd" are commonly used container platforms/runtimes but are not specifically the "sandboxed isolation" category (containerd typically uses runc for standard isolation). "crun, cri-o" represents a low-level OCI runtime (crun) and a CRI implementation (CRI-O), again not specifically a sandboxed-isolation grouping.
So, when the question asks for the group that provides additional sandboxing and elevated security, the correct, well-established answer is runsc + Kata.
________________________________________

NEW QUESTION # 177
You are developing a microservices application where each service requires a specific configuration. Which Kubernetes feature best addresses this need for service-specific configuration?

A. ConfigMaps
B. Secrets
C. Persistent Volumes
D. Deployments
E. Namespaces

Answer: A

Explanation:
ConfigMaps allow you to store key-value pairs of configuration data, which can be easily mounted as environment variables or files within your containers. This is ideal for handling service-specific configurations.

NEW QUESTION # 178
What components are common in a service mesh?

A. Data plane and runtime plane
B. Service proxy and control plane
C. Circuit breaking and Pod scheduling
D. Tracing and log storage

Answer: B

Explanation:
A service mesh is an architectural pattern that manages service-to-service communication in a microservices environment by inserting a dedicated networking layer. The two most common building blocks you'll see across service mesh implementations are (1) a data plane of proxies and (2) a control plane that configures and manages those proxies-this aligns best with "service proxy and control plane," option D.
In practice, the data plane is usually implemented via sidecar proxies (or sometimes node/ambient proxies) that sit "next to" workloads and handle traffic functions such as mTLS encryption, retries, timeouts, load balancing policies, traffic splitting, and telemetry generation. These proxies can capture inbound and outbound traffic without requiring changes to application code, which is one of the defining benefits of a mesh.
The control plane provides the management layer: it distributes policy and configuration to the proxies (routing rules, security policies, identities/certificates), discovers services/endpoints, and often coordinates certificate rotation and workload identity. In Kubernetes environments, meshes typically integrate with the Kubernetes API for service discovery and configuration.
Option C is close in spirit but uses non-standard wording ("runtime plane" is not a typical service mesh term; "control plane" is). Options A and B describe capabilities that may exist in a mesh ecosystem (telemetry, circuit breaking), but they are not the universal "core components" across meshes. Tracing/log storage, for example, is usually handled by external observability backends (e.g., Jaeger, Tempo, Loki) rather than being intrinsic "mesh components." So, the most correct and broadly accepted answer is D: service proxy and control plane.

NEW QUESTION # 179
Which one of the following is an open source runtime security tool?

A. falco
B. lxd
C. gVisor
D. containerd

Answer: A

Explanation:
The correct answer is C: Falco. Falco is a widely used open-source runtime security tool (originally created by Sysdig and now a CNCF project) designed to detect suspicious behavior at runtime by monitoring system calls and other kernel-level signals. In Kubernetes environments, Falco helps identify threats such as unexpected shell access in containers, privilege escalation attempts, access to sensitive files, anomalous network tooling, crypto-mining patterns, and other behaviors that indicate compromise or policy violations.
The other options are not primarily "runtime security tools" in the detection/alerting sense:
containerd is a container runtime responsible for executing containers; it's not a security detection tool.
lxd is a system container and VM manager; again, not a runtime threat detection tool.
gVisor is a sandboxed container runtime that improves isolation by interposing a user-space kernel; it's a security mechanism, but the question asks for a runtime security tool (monitoring/detection). Falco fits that definition best.
In cloud-native security practice, Falco typically runs as a DaemonSet so it can observe activity on every node. It uses rules to define what "bad" looks like and can emit alerts to SIEM systems, logging backends, or incident response workflows. This complements preventative controls like RBAC, Pod Security Admission, seccomp, and least privilege configurations. Preventative controls reduce risk; Falco provides visibility and detection when something slips through.
Therefore, among the provided choices, the verified runtime security tool is Falco (C).

NEW QUESTION # 180
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Carl Adams Carl Adams

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